一篇文章搞定基于 Django 构建 RESTful 框架[大量用例代码警告]
ccwgpt 2024-09-17 12:42 39 浏览 0 评论
基于Django实现
路由系统
urlpatterns = [
url(r'^users', Users.as_view()),
]CBV视图
from django.views import View
from django.http import JsonResponse
class Users(View):
def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
result = {
'status': True,
'data': 'response data'
}
return JsonResponse(result, status=200)
def post(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
result = {
'status': True,
'data': 'response data'
}
return JsonResponse(result, status=200)基于Django Rest Framework框架实现
基本流程
url.py
from django.conf.urls import url, include
from web.views.s1_api import TestView
urlpatterns = [
url(r'^test/', TestView.as_view()),
]views.py
from rest_framework.views import APIView
from rest_framework.response import Response
class TestView(APIView):
def dispatch(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
"""
请求到来之后，都要执行dispatch方法，dispatch方法根据请求方式不同触发 get/post/put等方法
注意：APIView中的dispatch方法有好多好多的功能
"""
return super().dispatch(request, *args, **kwargs)
def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
return Response('GET请求，响应内容')
def post(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
return Response('POST请求，响应内容')
def put(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
return Response('PUT请求，响应内容')上述是rest framework框架基本流程，重要的功能是在APIView的dispatch中触发。
认证和授权
用户url传入的token认证
urls.py
from django.conf.urls import url, include
from web.viewsimport TestView
urlpatterns = [
url(r'^test/', TestView.as_view()),
]views.py
from rest_framework.views import APIView
from rest_framework.response import Response
from rest_framework.authentication import BaseAuthentication
from rest_framework.request import Request
from rest_framework import exceptions
token_list = [
'sfsfss123kuf3j123',
'asijnfowerkkf9812',
]
class TestAuthentication(BaseAuthentication):
def authenticate(self, request):
"""
用户认证，如果验证成功后返回元组： (用户,用户Token)
:param request:
:return:
None,表示跳过该验证；
如果跳过了所有认证，默认用户和Token和使用配置文件进行设置
self._authenticator = None
if api_settings.UNAUTHENTICATED_USER:
self.user = api_settings.UNAUTHENTICATED_USER()
else:
self.user = None
if api_settings.UNAUTHENTICATED_TOKEN:
self.auth = api_settings.UNAUTHENTICATED_TOKEN()
else:
self.auth = None
(user,token)表示验证通过并设置用户名和Token；
AuthenticationFailed异常
"""
val = request.query_params.get('token')
if val not in token_list:
raise exceptions.AuthenticationFailed("用户认证失败")
return ('登录用户', '用户token')
def authenticate_header(self, request):
"""
Return a string to be used as the value of the `WWW-Authenticate`
header in a `401 Unauthenticated` response, or `None` if the
authentication scheme should return `403 Permission Denied` responses.
"""
# 验证失败时，返回的响应头WWW-Authenticate对应的值
pass
class TestView(APIView):
authentication_classes = [TestAuthentication, ]
permission_classes = []
def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
print(request.user)
print(request.auth)
return Response('GET请求，响应内容')
def post(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
return Response('POST请求，响应内容')
def put(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
return Response('PUT请求，响应内容')请求头认证
urls.py
from django.conf.urls import url, include
from web.viewsimport TestView
urlpatterns = [
url(r'^test/', TestView.as_view()),
]views.py
#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
from rest_framework.views import APIView
from rest_framework.response import Response
from rest_framework.authentication import BaseAuthentication
from rest_framework.request import Request
from rest_framework import exceptions
token_list = [
'sfsfss123kuf3j123',
'asijnfowerkkf9812',
]
class TestAuthentication(BaseAuthentication):
def authenticate(self, request):
"""
用户认证，如果验证成功后返回元组： (用户,用户Token)
:param request:
:return:
None,表示跳过该验证；
如果跳过了所有认证，默认用户和Token和使用配置文件进行设置
self._authenticator = None
if api_settings.UNAUTHENTICATED_USER:
self.user = api_settings.UNAUTHENTICATED_USER()
else:
self.user = None
if api_settings.UNAUTHENTICATED_TOKEN:
self.auth = api_settings.UNAUTHENTICATED_TOKEN()
else:
self.auth = None
(user,token)表示验证通过并设置用户名和Token；
AuthenticationFailed异常
"""
import base64
auth = request.META.get('HTTP_AUTHORIZATION', b'')
if auth:
auth = auth.encode('utf-8')
auth = auth.split()
if not auth or auth[0].lower() != b'basic':
raise exceptions.AuthenticationFailed('验证失败')
if len(auth) != 2:
raise exceptions.AuthenticationFailed('验证失败')
username, part, password = base64.b64decode(auth[1]).decode('utf-8').partition(':')
if username == 'alex' and password == '123':
return ('登录用户', '用户token')
else:
raise exceptions.AuthenticationFailed('用户名或密码错误')
def authenticate_header(self, request):
"""
Return a string to be used as the value of the `WWW-Authenticate`
header in a `401 Unauthenticated` response, or `None` if the
authentication scheme should return `403 Permission Denied` responses.
"""
return 'Basic realm=api'
class TestView(APIView):
authentication_classes = [TestAuthentication, ]
permission_classes = []
def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
print(request.user)
print(request.auth)
return Response('GET请求，响应内容')
def post(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
return Response('POST请求，响应内容')
def put(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
return Response('PUT请求，响应内容')多个认证规则
urls.py
from django.conf.urls import url, include
from web.views.s2_auth import TestView
urlpatterns = [
url(r'^test/', TestView.as_view()),
]views.py
#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
from rest_framework.views import APIView
from rest_framework.response import Response
from rest_framework.authentication import BaseAuthentication
from rest_framework.request import Request
from rest_framework import exceptions
token_list = [
'sfsfss123kuf3j123',
'asijnfowerkkf9812',
]
class Test1Authentication(BaseAuthentication):
def authenticate(self, request):
"""
用户认证，如果验证成功后返回元组： (用户,用户Token)
:param request:
:return:
None,表示跳过该验证；
如果跳过了所有认证，默认用户和Token和使用配置文件进行设置
self._authenticator = None
if api_settings.UNAUTHENTICATED_USER:
self.user = api_settings.UNAUTHENTICATED_USER() # 默认值为：匿名用户
else:
self.user = None
if api_settings.UNAUTHENTICATED_TOKEN:
self.auth = api_settings.UNAUTHENTICATED_TOKEN()# 默认值为：None
else:
self.auth = None
(user,token)表示验证通过并设置用户名和Token；
AuthenticationFailed异常
"""
import base64
auth = request.META.get('HTTP_AUTHORIZATION', b'')
if auth:
auth = auth.encode('utf-8')
else:
return None
print(auth,'xxxx')
auth = auth.split()
if not auth or auth[0].lower() != b'basic':
raise exceptions.AuthenticationFailed('验证失败')
if len(auth) != 2:
raise exceptions.AuthenticationFailed('验证失败')
username, part, password = base64.b64decode(auth[1]).decode('utf-8').partition(':')
if username == 'alex' and password == '123':
return ('登录用户', '用户token')
else:
raise exceptions.AuthenticationFailed('用户名或密码错误')
def authenticate_header(self, request):
"""
Return a string to be used as the value of the `WWW-Authenticate`
header in a `401 Unauthenticated` response, or `None` if the
authentication scheme should return `403 Permission Denied` responses.
"""
# return 'Basic realm=api'
pass
class Test2Authentication(BaseAuthentication):
def authenticate(self, request):
"""
用户认证，如果验证成功后返回元组： (用户,用户Token)
:param request:
:return:
None,表示跳过该验证；
如果跳过了所有认证，默认用户和Token和使用配置文件进行设置
self._authenticator = None
if api_settings.UNAUTHENTICATED_USER:
self.user = api_settings.UNAUTHENTICATED_USER() # 默认值为：匿名用户
else:
self.user = None
if api_settings.UNAUTHENTICATED_TOKEN:
self.auth = api_settings.UNAUTHENTICATED_TOKEN()# 默认值为：None
else:
self.auth = None
(user,token)表示验证通过并设置用户名和Token；
AuthenticationFailed异常
"""
val = request.query_params.get('token')
if val not in token_list:
raise exceptions.AuthenticationFailed("用户认证失败")
return ('登录用户', '用户token')
def authenticate_header(self, request):
"""
Return a string to be used as the value of the `WWW-Authenticate`
header in a `401 Unauthenticated` response, or `None` if the
authentication scheme should return `403 Permission Denied` responses.
"""
pass
class TestView(APIView):
authentication_classes = [Test1Authentication, Test2Authentication]
permission_classes = []
def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
print(request.user)
print(request.auth)
return Response('GET请求，响应内容')
def post(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
return Response('POST请求，响应内容')
def put(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
return Response('PUT请求，响应内容')认证和权限
urls.py
from django.conf.urls import url, include
from web.views import TestView
urlpatterns = [
url(r'^test/', TestView.as_view()),
]views.py
#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
from rest_framework.views import APIView
from rest_framework.response import Response
from rest_framework.authentication import BaseAuthentication
from rest_framework.permissions import BasePermission
from rest_framework.request import Request
from rest_framework import exceptions
token_list = [
'sfsfss123kuf3j123',
'asijnfowerkkf9812',
]
class TestAuthentication(BaseAuthentication):
def authenticate(self, request):
"""
用户认证，如果验证成功后返回元组： (用户,用户Token)
:param request:
:return:
None,表示跳过该验证；
如果跳过了所有认证，默认用户和Token和使用配置文件进行设置
self._authenticator = None
if api_settings.UNAUTHENTICATED_USER:
self.user = api_settings.UNAUTHENTICATED_USER() # 默认值为：匿名用户
else:
self.user = None
if api_settings.UNAUTHENTICATED_TOKEN:
self.auth = api_settings.UNAUTHENTICATED_TOKEN()# 默认值为：None
else:
self.auth = None
(user,token)表示验证通过并设置用户名和Token；
AuthenticationFailed异常
"""
val = request.query_params.get('token')
if val not in token_list:
raise exceptions.AuthenticationFailed("用户认证失败")
return ('登录用户', '用户token')
def authenticate_header(self, request):
"""
Return a string to be used as the value of the `WWW-Authenticate`
header in a `401 Unauthenticated` response, or `None` if the
authentication scheme should return `403 Permission Denied` responses.
"""
pass
class TestPermission(BasePermission):
message = "权限验证失败"
def has_permission(self, request, view):
"""
判断是否有权限访问当前请求
Return `True` if permission is granted, `False` otherwise.
:param request:
:param view:
:return: True有权限；False无权限
"""
if request.user == "管理员":
return True
# GenericAPIView中get_object时调用
def has_object_permission(self, request, view, obj):
"""
视图继承GenericAPIView，并在其中使用get_object时获取对象时，触发单独对象权限验证
Return `True` if permission is granted, `False` otherwise.
:param request:
:param view:
:param obj:
:return: True有权限；False无权限
"""
if request.user == "管理员":
return True
class TestView(APIView):
# 认证的动作是由request.user触发
authentication_classes = [TestAuthentication, ]
# 权限
# 循环执行所有的权限
permission_classes = [TestPermission, ]
def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
# self.dispatch
print(request.user)
print(request.auth)
return Response('GET请求，响应内容')
def post(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
return Response('POST请求，响应内容')
def put(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
return Response('PUT请求，响应内容')全局使用
上述操作中均是对单独视图进行特殊配置，如果想要对全局进行配置，则需要在配置文件中写入即可。
settings.py
REST_FRAMEWORK = {
'UNAUTHENTICATED_USER': None,
'UNAUTHENTICATED_TOKEN': None,
"DEFAULT_AUTHENTICATION_CLASSES": [
"web.utils.TestAuthentication",
],
"DEFAULT_PERMISSION_CLASSES": [
"web.utils.TestPermission",
],
}urls.py
from django.conf.urls import url, include
from web.views import TestView
urlpatterns = [
url(r'^test/', TestView.as_view()),
]views.py
#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
from rest_framework.views import APIView
from rest_framework.response import Response
class TestView(APIView):
def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
# self.dispatch
print(request.user)
print(request.auth)
return Response('GET请求，响应内容')
def post(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
return Response('POST请求，响应内容')
def put(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
return Response('PUT请求，响应内容')用户访问次数/频率限制
基于用户IP限制访问频率
urls.py
from django.conf.urls import url, include
from web.views import TestView
urlpatterns = [
url(r'^test/', TestView.as_view()),
]views.py
#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
import time
from rest_framework.views import APIView
from rest_framework.response import Response
from rest_framework import exceptions
from rest_framework.throttling import BaseThrottle
from rest_framework.settings import api_settings
# 保存访问记录
RECORD = {
'用户IP': [12312139, 12312135, 12312133, ]
}
class TestThrottle(BaseThrottle):
ctime = time.time
def get_ident(self, request):
"""
根据用户IP和代理IP，当做请求者的唯一IP
Identify the machine making the request by parsing HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR
if present and number of proxies is > 0. If not use all of
HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR if it is available, if not use REMOTE_ADDR.
"""
xff = request.META.get('HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR')
remote_addr = request.META.get('REMOTE_ADDR')
num_proxies = api_settings.NUM_PROXIES
if num_proxies is not None:
if num_proxies == 0 or xff is None:
return remote_addr
addrs = xff.split(',')
client_addr = addrs[-min(num_proxies, len(addrs))]
return client_addr.strip()
return ''.join(xff.split()) if xff else remote_addr
def allow_request(self, request, view):
"""
是否仍然在允许范围内
Return `True` if the request should be allowed, `False` otherwise.
:param request:
:param view:
:return: True，表示可以通过；False表示已超过限制，不允许访问
"""
# 获取用户唯一标识（如：IP）
# 允许一分钟访问10次
num_request = 10
time_request = 60
now = self.ctime()
ident = self.get_ident(request)
self.ident = ident
if ident not in RECORD:
RECORD[ident] = [now, ]
return True
history = RECORD[ident]
while history and history[-1] <= now - time_request:
history.pop()
if len(history) < num_request:
history.insert(0, now)
return True
def wait(self):
"""
多少秒后可以允许继续访问
Optionally, return a recommended number of seconds to wait before
the next request.
"""
last_time = RECORD[self.ident][0]
now = self.ctime()
return int(60 + last_time - now)
class TestView(APIView):
throttle_classes = [TestThrottle, ]
def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
# self.dispatch
print(request.user)
print(request.auth)
return Response('GET请求，响应内容')
def post(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
return Response('POST请求，响应内容')
def put(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
return Response('PUT请求，响应内容')
def throttled(self, request, wait):
"""
访问次数被限制时，定制错误信息
"""
class Throttled(exceptions.Throttled):
default_detail = '请求被限制.'
extra_detail_singular = '请 {wait} 秒之后再重试.'
extra_detail_plural = '请 {wait} 秒之后再重试.'
raise Throttled(wait)基于用户IP显示访问频率（利于Django缓存）
settings.py
REST_FRAMEWORK = {
'DEFAULT_THROTTLE_RATES': {
'test_scope': '10/m',
},
}urls.py
from django.conf.urls import url, include
from web.views import TestView
urlpatterns = [
url(r'^test/', TestView.as_view()),
]views.py
#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
from rest_framework.views import APIView
from rest_framework.response import Response
from rest_framework import exceptions
from rest_framework.throttling import SimpleRateThrottle
class TestThrottle(SimpleRateThrottle):
# 配置文件定义的显示频率的Key
scope = "test_scope"
def get_cache_key(self, request, view):
"""
Should return a unique cache-key which can be used for throttling.
Must be overridden.
May return `None` if the request should not be throttled.
"""
if not request.user:
ident = self.get_ident(request)
else:
ident = request.user
return self.cache_format % {
'scope': self.scope,
'ident': ident
}
class TestView(APIView):
throttle_classes = [TestThrottle, ]
def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
# self.dispatch
print(request.user)
print(request.auth)
return Response('GET请求，响应内容')
def post(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
return Response('POST请求，响应内容')
def put(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
return Response('PUT请求，响应内容')
def throttled(self, request, wait):
"""
访问次数被限制时，定制错误信息
"""
class Throttled(exceptions.Throttled):
default_detail = '请求被限制.'
extra_detail_singular = '请 {wait} 秒之后再重试.'
extra_detail_plural = '请 {wait} 秒之后再重试.'
raise Throttled(wait)view中限制请求频率
settings.py
REST_FRAMEWORK = {
'DEFAULT_THROTTLE_RATES': {
'xxxxxx': '10/m',
},
}urls.py
from django.conf.urls import url, include
from web.views import TestView
urlpatterns = [
url(r'^test/', TestView.as_view()),
]views.py
#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
from rest_framework.views import APIView
from rest_framework.response import Response
from rest_framework import exceptions
from rest_framework.throttling import ScopedRateThrottle
# 继承 ScopedRateThrottle
class TestThrottle(ScopedRateThrottle):
def get_cache_key(self, request, view):
"""
Should return a unique cache-key which can be used for throttling.
Must be overridden.
May return `None` if the request should not be throttled.
"""
if not request.user:
ident = self.get_ident(request)
else:
ident = request.user
return self.cache_format % {
'scope': self.scope,
'ident': ident
}
class TestView(APIView):
throttle_classes = [TestThrottle, ]
# 在settings中获取 xxxxxx 对应的频率限制值
throttle_scope = "xxxxxx"
def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
# self.dispatch
print(request.user)
print(request.auth)
return Response('GET请求，响应内容')
def post(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
return Response('POST请求，响应内容')
def put(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
return Response('PUT请求，响应内容')
def throttled(self, request, wait):
"""
访问次数被限制时，定制错误信息
"""
class Throttled(exceptions.Throttled):
default_detail = '请求被限制.'
extra_detail_singular = '请 {wait} 秒之后再重试.'
extra_detail_plural = '请 {wait} 秒之后再重试.'
raise Throttled(wait)匿名时用IP限制+登录时用Token限制
settings.py
REST_FRAMEWORK = {
'UNAUTHENTICATED_USER': None,
'UNAUTHENTICATED_TOKEN': None,
'DEFAULT_THROTTLE_RATES': {
'luffy_anon': '10/m',
'luffy_user': '20/m',
},
}urls.py
from django.conf.urls import url, include
from web.views.s3_throttling import TestView
urlpatterns = [
url(r'^test/', TestView.as_view()),
]views.py
#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
from rest_framework.views import APIView
from rest_framework.response import Response
from rest_framework.throttling import SimpleRateThrottle
class KumAnonRateThrottle(SimpleRateThrottle):
"""
匿名用户，根据IP进行限制
"""
scope = "kum_anon"
def get_cache_key(self, request, view):
# 用户已登录，则跳过 匿名频率限制
if request.user:
return None
return self.cache_format % {
'scope': self.scope,
'ident': self.get_ident(request)
}
class KumUserRateThrottle(SimpleRateThrottle):
"""
登录用户，根据用户token限制
"""
scope = "kum_user"
def get_ident(self, request):
"""
认证成功时：request.user是用户对象；request.auth是token对象
:param request:
:return:
"""
# return request.auth.token
return "user_token"
def get_cache_key(self, request, view):
"""
获取缓存key
:param request:
:param view:
:return:
"""
# 未登录用户，则跳过 Token限制
if not request.user:
return None
return self.cache_format % {
'scope': self.scope,
'ident': self.get_ident(request)
}
class TestView(APIView):
throttle_classes = [KumUserRateThrottle,KumAnonRateThrottle, ]
def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
# self.dispatch
print(request.user)
print(request.auth)
return Response('GET请求，响应内容')
def post(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
return Response('POST请求，响应内容')
def put(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
return Response('PUT请求，响应内容')全局使用
settings.py
REST_FRAMEWORK = {
'DEFAULT_THROTTLE_CLASSES': [
'api.utils.throttles.throttles.KumAnonRateThrottle',
'api.utils.throttles.throttles.KumUserRateThrottle',
],
'DEFAULT_THROTTLE_RATES': {
'anon': '10/day',
'user': '10/day',
'luffy_anon': '10/m',
'luffy_user': '20/m',
},
}版本
如：/users?version=v1
settings.py
'DEFAULT_VERSION': 'v1', # 默认版本
'ALLOWED_VERSIONS': ['v1', 'v2'], # 允许的版本
'VERSION_PARAM': 'version' # URL中获取值的key
}urls.py
from django.conf.urls import url, include
from web.views import TestView
urlpatterns = [
url(r'^test/', TestView.as_view(),name='test'),
]views.py
#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
from rest_framework.views import APIView
from rest_framework.response import Response
from rest_framework.versioning import QueryParameterVersioning
class TestView(APIView):
versioning_class = QueryParameterVersioning
def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
# 获取版本
print(request.version)
# 获取版本管理的类
print(request.versioning_scheme)
# 反向生成URL
reverse_url = request.versioning_scheme.reverse('test', request=request)
print(reverse_url)
return Response('GET请求，响应内容')
def post(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
return Response('POST请求，响应内容')
def put(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
return Response('PUT请求，响应内容')基于url的正则方式
如：/v1/users/
settings.py
REST_FRAMEWORK = {
'DEFAULT_VERSION': 'v1', # 默认版本
'ALLOWED_VERSIONS': ['v1', 'v2'], # 允许的版本
'VERSION_PARAM': 'version' # URL中获取值的key
}urls.py
from django.conf.urls import url, include
from web.views import TestView
urlpatterns = [
url(r'^(?P<version>[v1|v2]+)/test/', TestView.as_view(), name='test'),
]views.py
#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
from rest_framework.views import APIView
from rest_framework.response import Response
from rest_framework.versioning import URLPathVersioning
class TestView(APIView):
versioning_class = URLPathVersioning
def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
# 获取版本
print(request.version)
# 获取版本管理的类
print(request.versioning_scheme)
# 反向生成URL
reverse_url = request.versioning_scheme.reverse('test', request=request)
print(reverse_url)
return Response('GET请求，响应内容')
def post(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
return Response('POST请求，响应内容')
def put(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
return Response('PUT请求，响应内容')于 accept 请求头方式
如：Accept: application/json; version=1.0
settings.py
REST_FRAMEWORK = {
'DEFAULT_VERSION': 'v1', # 默认版本
'ALLOWED_VERSIONS': ['v1', 'v2'], # 允许的版本
'VERSION_PARAM': 'version' # URL中获取值的key
}urls.py
from django.conf.urls import url, include
from web.views import TestView
urlpatterns = [
url(r'^test/', TestView.as_view(), name='test'),
]views.py
#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
from rest_framework.views import APIView
from rest_framework.response import Response
from rest_framework.versioning import AcceptHeaderVersioning
class TestView(APIView):
versioning_class = AcceptHeaderVersioning
def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
# 获取版本 HTTP_ACCEPT头
print(request.version)
# 获取版本管理的类
print(request.versioning_scheme)
# 反向生成URL
reverse_url = request.versioning_scheme.reverse('test', request=request)
print(reverse_url)
return Response('GET请求，响应内容')
def post(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
return Response('POST请求，响应内容')
def put(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
return Response('PUT请求，响应内容')基于主机名方法
如：v1.test.com
settings.py
ALLOWED_HOSTS = ['*']
REST_FRAMEWORK = {
'DEFAULT_VERSION': 'v1', # 默认版本
'ALLOWED_VERSIONS': ['v1', 'v2'], # 允许的版本
'VERSION_PARAM': 'version' # URL中获取值的key
}urls.py
from django.conf.urls import url, include
from web.views import TestView
urlpatterns = [
url(r'^test/', TestView.as_view(), name='test'),
]views.py
#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
from rest_framework.views import APIView
from rest_framework.response import Response
from rest_framework.versioning import HostNameVersioning
class TestView(APIView):
versioning_class = HostNameVersioning
def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
# 获取版本
print(request.version)
# 获取版本管理的类
print(request.versioning_scheme)
# 反向生成URL
reverse_url = request.versioning_scheme.reverse('test', request=request)
print(reverse_url)
return Response('GET请求，响应内容')
def post(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
return Response('POST请求，响应内容')
def put(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
return Response('PUT请求，响应内容')基于django路由系统的namespace
如：test.com/v1/users/
settings.py
REST_FRAMEWORK = {
'DEFAULT_VERSION': 'v1', # 默认版本
'ALLOWED_VERSIONS': ['v1', 'v2'], # 允许的版本
'VERSION_PARAM': 'version' # URL中获取值的key
}urls.py
from django.conf.urls import url, include
from web.views import TestView
urlpatterns = [
url(r'^v1/', ([
url(r'test/', TestView.as_view(), name='test'),
], None, 'v1')),
url(r'^v2/', ([
url(r'test/', TestView.as_view(), name='test'),
], None, 'v2')),
]views.py
#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
from rest_framework.views import APIView
from rest_framework.response import Response
from rest_framework.versioning import NamespaceVersioning
class TestView(APIView):
versioning_class = NamespaceVersioning
def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
# 获取版本
print(request.version)
# 获取版本管理的类
print(request.versioning_scheme)
# 反向生成URL
reverse_url = request.versioning_scheme.reverse('test', request=request)
print(reverse_url)
return Response('GET请求，响应内容')
def post(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
return Response('POST请求，响应内容')
def put(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
return Response('PUT请求，响应内容')全局使用
settings.py
REST_FRAMEWORK = {
'DEFAULT_VERSIONING_CLASS':"rest_framework.versioning.URLPathVersioning",
'DEFAULT_VERSION': 'v1',
'ALLOWED_VERSIONS': ['v1', 'v2'],
'VERSION_PARAM': 'version'
}解析器（parser）
根据请求头 content-type 选择对应的解析器就请求体内容进行处理。
仅处理请求头content-type为application/json的请求体
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